How much money does Mariah Carey make from ‘All I Want For Christmas Is You’? ‘It’s a lot,’ music expert says

“I do not need so much for Christmas / There is only one factor I want / A solution to only one query / An estimate of Mariah Carey’s music royalties, please?”

No, my makeshift lyrics aren’t as catchy because the opening traces of Carey’s “All I Need for Christmas Is You,” the 1994 jingle that grew to become virtually ubiquitous over the airwaves round vacation season.

However they do pose a query that probes into the black field of music-industry economics: How a lot cash does the music earn for Carey, the music’s performer and so-called “Queen of Christmas,” annually?

Income estimates by Billboard recommend she made maybe $2.7 million to $3.3 million in 2022, for instance, from music downloads and on-demand streaming. It excludes different probably profitable income streams like Christmas TV specials.

Nevertheless it’s arduous to know a exact sum, largely as a result of contractual particulars between Carey, her music label and music publishers aren’t public, consultants mentioned. The pop star’s publicist, Chris Chambers, did not return a request for remark submitted to his agency, The Chamber Group, about her royalties.

“No matter it’s, it is some huge cash,” mentioned Natasha Chee, a music, leisure and mental property lawyer at legislation agency Donahue Fitzgerald.

“All I Need for Christmas Is You” is a yuletide juggernaut.

Spotify introduced this month that the anthem was the first-ever vacation music to surpass 2 billion world streams. It has been the No. 1 music globally on Christmas Day annually since 2016, Spotify mentioned.

The tune’s reputation has solely grown: Complete U.S. audio streams rose to 249 million in 2023, up about 49% from 167 million in 2019, in response to Luminate, which tracks music {industry} knowledge.

(As of Dec. 12, whole U.S. streams of the music this yr had been down 8% relative to 2023, Billboard estimated. That is partly a perform of the shorter vacation season from a late Thanksgiving, consultants mentioned.)

The music “is a cash machine,” mentioned George Howard, a professor on the Berklee School of Music and former president of Rykodisc, an unbiased document label. “It is an actual phenomenon,” he mentioned.

Howard, who additionally does consulting work to worth music copyrights, estimates the chart-topper makes $2 million to $4 million in annual gross income.

Equally, Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, which makes a speciality of music {industry} legislation, estimates the hit generates $3.4 million a yr.

Over its 30-year existence, the music has made about $103 million in earnings, the legislation agency estimates. The projections embrace world streaming and non-streaming income sources, in response to Manatt, which created Billboard’s royalty calculator.

The music’s 2 billion world Spotify streams alone earned $9.8 million in royalties, in response to the calculator.

However Carey solely will get a portion of these earnings.

The ecosystem of music royalties is notoriously convoluted.

Cash flows to many contributors, like writers, performers, producers, sound mixers and document labels. Payouts to every particular person can differ from music to music, relying on contractual phrases, consultants mentioned.

The phrases of Carey’s royalty offers aren’t public data.

The singer is probably going getting a “larger chunk” of income than most artists, Howard mentioned. That is due to Carey’s a number of credit on the music: She’s listed as the only real performer, in addition to its co-writer and co-producer. (Walter Afanasieff is the opposite co-writer and co-producer.)

Such a mess of credit is uncommon to see, Howard mentioned. And it is an vital consider Carey’s final take-home pay.

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Music royalties are completely different from these of different works like books or pictures.

That is as a result of there are two distinct royalty streams — one for music composition and one other for sound recording, mentioned Jordan Bromley, associate and head of Manatt Leisure. Consider the previous just like the sheet music sitting in your piano (the songwriting), and the latter because the recorded music that you just hear, he mentioned.

Every has its personal royalty construction. The royalties for music composition are obtained by songwriters and publishers, whereas these for sound recording are paid to music performers and their labels, Howard mentioned.

Carey “has each the copyright to the music and the sound recording, so she’s getting paid on either side,” Howard mentioned.

“She’s getting paid six methods to Sunday,” he mentioned.

A music’s writers and publishers — and never its performers — get the royalties when a music performs in a public house, akin to on TV and radio, or in eating places and retail shops, consultants mentioned. The U.S. is likely one of the few international locations to have such a rule, Howard mentioned.

Because of this Carey (and Afanasieff, her co-writer) will get royalties each time a canopy model of “All I Need for Christmas Is You” performs within the public area. Over 150 performers have lined the music, in response to ASCAP, a performing rights group.

Carey and Afanasieff break up their writing credit with publishers together with Common Music, Sony Music and Kobalt Songs Music Publishing, in response to ASCAP.

Nevertheless, music recording typically brings in 4 to 5 occasions the income of songwriting, Bromley mentioned.

“When you’re a songwriter with no document income, it is arduous to make a residing even in the event you’re making hits,” he mentioned.

The artist’s take of the recording income relative to the label’s can swing broadly, wherever from 20% as much as 90%, relying on the contract, Bromley mentioned. “All I Need for Christmas Is You” was launched by Columbia Information, which is owned by Sony Music.

Afanasieff, Sony Music and Kobalt Songs Music Publishing did not return requests for remark. Common Music Publishing Group declined remark.

Consultants notice that earnings from document gross sales and licensing can differ significantly from yr to yr, whereas income from streaming and efficiency is extra predictable.

Of the aforementioned estimated $8.5 million in world income and publishing royalties that “All I Need for Christmas Is You” earned in 2022, the Carey grasp recording introduced in $5.3 million and publishing royalties accounted for the remaining $3.2 million, Billboard mentioned.

What was Carey’s lower?

She made about $1.9 million of the grasp recording income, Billboard estimated, whereas her label, Sony, saved the opposite $3.4 million.

Carey additionally earned an estimated $1.6 million of the publishing, assuming she and Afanasieff break up the writing 50-50. However her take-home pay would have been much less, relying on her publishing deal — maybe starting from about $795,000 to $1.4 million, Billboard mentioned.

All advised, these estimates recommend Carey might have made about $2.7 million to $3.3 million from recording and publishing in 2022.

This excludes income from any monetary preparations for soundtracks from Christmas TV specials, that are probably profitable, in response to Billboard. It additionally excludes cowl variations of the music.

“There is a ton of income that opens up” for a pop star who is nearly “co-branded” with Christmas, together with offers for model endorsements, reside performances, cosmetics, residence items and attire, Manatt Leisure’s Bromley mentioned.

The music is the present that may hold carry on giving for years, consultants mentioned.

The copyright for works revealed after Jan. 1, 1978, typically stays intact for the creator’s lifetime, plus 70 years after the creator’s dying, in response to Chee of Donahue Fitzgerald.

Within the case of a joint work with two or extra authors, akin to “All I Need for Christmas Is You,” the rule applies to the final surviving creator.

Which means Carey’s property will probably rake in royalties for many years, till the music ultimately passes into the general public area, she mentioned. When that occurs, the music would be a part of the ranks of Christmas classics like “Jingle Bells” and “We Want You a Merry Christmas,” which might typically be freely shared and tailored.