When CPI Breaks, So Do Real Returns | EI Blog

Begin with pension allocation. Nigeria’s pension belongings reached ₦26.66 trillion as of October 2025, with roughly 60%, or about ₦16 trillion, invested in authorities securities. If the true return on authorities paper has been unfavorable for many of the previous 15 years, then thousands and thousands of retirement savers weren’t simply incomes low returns. They had been shedding buying energy whereas their nominal balances elevated.

This isn’t distinctive to Nigeria. The OECD’s 2024 pension report, utilizing 2023 knowledge, discovered that pension methods in Nigeria, Angola, and Egypt, the place greater than half of belongings are allotted to payments and bonds, delivered unfavorable actual returns. Current will increase in Nigeria’s pension fund fairness allocation limits are directionally optimistic. However they’re modest relative to the size of the issue.

Underneath the outdated CPI methodology, a 91-day T-bill yielding 18% towards inflation at 34.8% was clearly unfavorable in actual phrases. Underneath the rebased CPI, a yield of 15% towards inflation of 15.15% seems roughly impartial. Has the underlying actuality improved, or has the measurement modified?

The reply is each.

Inflation has genuinely moderated. Month-to-month CPI will increase fell under 1% for a number of consecutive months within the second half of 2025. However the rebase additionally lowered measured inflation by roughly 10 proportion factors. With out a steady sequence, it’s troublesome to separate these results.

What is obvious is that the signal has shifted.

From August 2025 by means of January 2026, actual returns turned optimistic for six consecutive months. January 2026 was the strongest month, with a +4.39% actual return, pushed by a 2.88% month-on-month decline in CPI alongside a 1.38% nominal T-bill return. The true return index rose from 984 to 1,027, above its base degree of 1,000 for the primary time.

After 15 years of unfavorable returns, money is now not assured to destroy buying energy. Whether or not that shift proves sturdy stays an open query.